Today is Lunar New Year, and 2024 is the Year of the Dragon. This is traditionally an auspicious year, and those born under the sign of the dragon are said to be as charismatic and influential as the very dragons themselves!
As a fan of fantasy, obviously I’m a fan of dragons as well, and I like both western and eastern wyrms – as well as the fantasy archetype that is mostly an invention of the last half century. Today I thought I’d showcase some esteemed dragons from myth and fiction to honor these great beasts. How many of these do you know?
Shenlong is a dragon god from Chinese myth that has been described in stories and depicted in art for almost 1000 years. His domain is the sky, his gift is rain and his wrath is thunder and lightning. In ancient days people in many Asian nations would try to avoid angering him since his gifts were essential to agriculture, and an angry storm dragon god could wreak havoc on crops!
As one of the divine Chinese dragons of myth Shenlong had five claws instead of four, and as with almost all eastern dragons could fly, speak and change his shape to a human at will.
Ryujin (which literally translates to dragon god) is the Japanese deity of the ocean and all the creatures therein. An important Shinto deity, there are shrines across Japan to him to this day, especially in coastal areas.
Ryujin has a rich mythology and is said to be a direct ascendant of the Japanese imperial family. He has many fabulous powers, and as with many Japanese deities utilizes wondrous magical items such as a jewel he can use to control tides. He is believed to live at the bottom of a large lake near Kyoto.
Incidentally while Chinese and Japanese dragons resemble each other, you can tell them apart by their horns (Chinese look like deer, Japanese are straighter) and their claws (Chinese have four or five, Japanese have three).
The Beowulf Dragon is not the best-known character in the 1000+ year-old Germanic poem, but in some ways it became the most influential. After Beowulf defeated Grendel and Grendel’s mother, he settled into kingly life for decades until a dragon emerged and threatened his kingdom. Taking up his sword once again, he slew the dragon but was fatally wounded in the struggle.
Germanic dragons are the origin of what most of us think of when we hear the word ‘dragon’ today, and there are notable ones older than the one in this poem (such as Fafnir). But the un-named beast slain by Beowulf was the first example of the western dragon template that continues to this day: a large scaly winged reptile that breathes fire and covets gold and jewels. One author liked Beowulf’s dragon so much, he more or less used it himself when he wrote a book called…
The Hobbit was published 87 years ago and for many readers in the decades that followed Smaug was likely their first exposure to a dragon. He is the archetype of the modern dragon: the Beowulf beast turned into a true character with the intellect, vanity, power and fire-breathing his kind would eventually become known for.
Just as Tolkien was influenced to create Smaug, his creation would influence the fictional dragons of those that grew up reading The Hobbit. Not the least was Gary Gygax, who appropriated the Tolkienesque dragon as the model for the many dragons inhabiting the world of Dungeons and Dragons, the styles of which have essentially become the modern ‘dragon’.
Of course there are some other famous dragons I didn’t detail today – no doubt many of you wonder about the beast slain by St George – but I think this presents a brief snapshot of both eastern and western dragons and their origins.
You probably got a 2024 Japanese postcard from me with a dragon sticker on it: did you notice you could peel the dragon off the sticker to re-use, and there’s a second dragon underneath? Why not wish someone else a Happy New Year by sending them a little dragon sticker 🙂
May 2024 grant you the wisdom, health and fortune of the dragons!