Category: History

Happy Birthday To Me

For a time now I’d been wanting to reduce my collection of gamebooks. This was partially for space, and partially so I could concentrate on the series that mean the most to me. I found potential buyers online but the (very fair) offers received for the books I had decided to sell hardly covered the cost of shipping them. I had no regrets when I decided to toss about 200 books into a recycling bin a few weekends ago.

The silver lining of this process was that in the process of searching for potential buyers I found a store that had some items for sale I was very interested in. I hastily made a purchase, and a box arrived in time for my birthday (today). These were inside:

The core of my collection is the Fighting Fantasy series, which I have loved since childhood. I’ve got hundreds of volumes, which means many copies of each since there are only about 70 unique books. It’s been many years since I’ve found an imprint I didn’t have, so I was surprised to see the above for sale. Of course I already own each book – in fact I already had 8 different copies alone of City Of Thieves – but I didn’t own the ‘Green stripe’ edition. Now I do 🙂

As happy as I was with these, I also bought this:

I was absolutely amazed to see they had this. It’s issue #2 of the Fighting Fantasy magazine from 1985. This was a ‘holy grail’ item to me, and given the scarcity of these I had essentially given up ever owning one.

It’s a fairly slim publication, sparse on editorial content. It reprints (half of) Warlock Of Firetop Mountain with beautiful large reproductions of the art, and also contained an original new solo adventure called Caverns Of The Snow Witch:

It’s short at only 190 entries, but would eventually be expanded and become the 9th FF book. I recall when I learned this as a child being amazed a magazine existed with gamebook adventures in it!

Indeed Warlock magazine was almost unobtainable in Australia. I somehow knew of it and looked for it in newsagents but only ever owned one copy, specifically #11 (which Adam inherited from me and graciously returned to me decades later). Much later I learned the magazine was poorly distributed even in the UK, so it’s a miracle any ever made their way to Australia at all.

So you can imagine how fast I clicked that ‘submit order’ button when the store I bought the above at didn’t just have one Warlock, but had eight:

These are all from 40+ years ago, and represent about two-thirds of the entire run of the magazine (which ended at issue #13). I was so happy to open the box when they arrived, and learn they were all in great condition. Whoever owned these took care of them!

These magazines are a delightful window into the early years of gamebooks. Full of news, reviews, artwork and advertisements, they also contain many original adventures – almost none of which were ever republished.

These magazines were never distributed to the USA so I remain amazed I found them for sale at an American hobby store. I wonder if they came from the same collection, and why the owner sold them?

And if you’re wondering, yes they were expensive 🙂

The above is a photo of my current Japanese Warlock magazine collection. I’ve got almost all of them, and you can see the magazine survived much longer in Japan than the 13-issues it ran for in the UK. Here’s a photo of the first dozen issues in two different languages:

Just holding and flipping through these brings a big smile to my face. Happy Birthday to me 🙂

Fake News

A couple of decades ago there was a newspaper here called Weekly World News which was known for its absurd covers and often-fictional articles. This past summer we purchased a few old copies at a flea market. Let’s look at them:

Themes such as biblical prophecy, supernatural events or bizarre monsters often made the covers, and this one from December 1997 is typical. The article inside is a mundane piece quoting a ‘biblical prophecy expert’ that doesn’t live up to the hype of the cover.

This story is more like it. We found – in the three issues we had – that stories about teens doing crazy things were very common. Sometimes they involve crimes, often death. The wildest was one about teenagers inflating themselves with compressed air until they exploded!

This seemed to be a Christmas issue, and there were a lot of stories about Santa and Jesus. The strangest was this one about a (supernatural?) horse that delivered gifts to poor children in the Appalachians. As you can see, it even has a photo of said horse.

The newspaper was ubiquitous on supermarket magazine stands for about three decades, reaching the height of its popularity in the 1990s before ending publication in 2007 (it continues as a blank website today). Initially most of its stories were factual, largely lifted from the pages of local newspapers from around the world, but as the years went by the magazine began to sneak in more and more outlandish content until that’s what it became known for.

The above is an example of the sort of nonsense they’d be printing by the late 1990s. Much of this was supernatural, and even in the three we have stories of ghosts and hauntings are common. By the end of the 1990s they even had recurring stories about the (now infamous) ‘Bat Boy’, an extraterrestrial (named P’lod) that influenced the US government, Elvis sightings, Satan and even mermaids.

The pages are riddled with smaller stories too, and these have common threads as well, such as weird deaths, outlandish crimes or government waste. These almost never have attribution or bylines, and I imagine were made up wholesale to fill available space.

Here’s the cover of the second issue we bought, from early 1998. The story is as insane as it looks, and yes they do claim entire living headless human clones were being grown for organs. I have to say the Photoshop (?) work on the cover picture (which is repeated in the two-page article) is better than much of their examples.

One common element of the crazy stories is that they occurred somewhere that would be exotic to most Americans (of the time). Very often, this was Australia, as with this example above. I love the mention of ‘the Australian pleasure cruise line industry‘! While absurd, the stories contains elements that a non-critical reader could convince themselves were real, such as using the name of a real animal (the flying squid) or using real scientific terms (El Nino).

Decades ago, you may recall, I worked for a few years in a grocery store. We sold Weekly World News at the checkout lanes, and I initially dismissed it as one of those hard-to-explain ‘American’ oddities, mostly because I found the stories too ludicrous to be believed but not well-written enough to be funny.

One issue once reported on some ludicrous event (or crime?) in the city we were then living, and the girls that worked in the customer service center came into the office one night to tell us about a customer who had claimed she knew the people involved in the obviously fake story. I’m sure that many other (elderly, I assume) readers took much of the nonsense at face value as well, and it’s a little disturbing to think the effect this rag – filled with shocking crimes, actual interactions with Satan and doom-laden prophecies – may have had on some of its more gullible readers.

The third issue we bought, also from 1998, has as its cover story a silly piece about nonexistent prophecies penned by Mother Teresa. It also has a story about a recent discovery of three more Commandments (given to Moses) and another about how to communicate with your guardian angel. This issue seemed to double down on religious content.

It also has this two-page spread, and the tale of a two-foot demon being surgically removed from a man’s brain is surely the most ridiculous one in any of these three issues.

As I said my opinion of this newspaper was never very high, but after looking through these three issues it’s taken a nosedive. Weekly World News competed with two right-wing newspapers also sold in aisle checkouts – The Sun and The National Enquirer – and for all it’s facile content it’s clear to see this newspaper also propagandized to its readers in ways perhaps more subtle than it’s competitors.

Take the above for example, a lavish two-page advertisement article purportedly penned by none other than Billy Graham. This is nothing less than proselytization, and given the abundance of fanciful stories based on religious myth it’s unusual that they would run this piece which I imagine the author didn’t want the reader to dismiss as nonsense.

There was also in each of three issues at least one story demonizing Iraq, such as this piece of fiction above. This was in the period between the Gulf Wars, and a time in which Iraq in particular but also the Middle East in general was often the boogeyman in populist media. Every story about the region in these three issues was strongly negative, largely painting the residents as criminals or fools.

There were also stories in each issue either lightly making fun of women in general (such as housewives being lazy) or misogynistic, including a frankly offensive piece about women marrying their rapists. These stories were not meant as humor, seemed out-of-place compared to the rest of the newspaper, and blatantly reinforced ugly stereotypes. These stories – and the presence of a ‘page 5 bikini girl’ -made me wonder who actually bought this newspaper in its heyday.

Looking at the adverts, most of them are for psychics or psychic-adjacent companies (such as books on becoming a psychic). This is all trash and lies of course, and I’m sure these companies happily took money from readers who weren’t savvy enough to realize they were being had.

There was of course a psychic helper page in the newspaper as well, in which (real?) letters from readers were answered by the ‘staff psychic’.

You could also buy a motion-sensing electronic rooster for the bargain price of $7.99 (plus $2.95 shipping). This looks positively awful, and it’s hard to believe anyone thought it worth buying even in 1998? If you disagree there’s one on eBay right now for only $34 (and $8 shipping):

So what’s my final thoughts on this rag? I think, in retrospect, it makes me a little sad. I assume the vast majority bought it for a laugh and had the smarts to either ignore or not be influenced by the unpleasant stuff, but at the same time there would also have been readers less critical who may also have purchased it for a laugh but unknowingly may have ended up with the editorial affecting them in a negative way.

This was before the internet made its way into everyone’s home and long before social media. Things are of course much worse now, and I’ll remember this ‘harmless’ piece of tabloid trash as a blueprint for the sort of content uncritically absorbed on social media today.

Space Invaders

The first arcade game I ever saw was Space Invaders. It was at – of all places – the kiosk at Nobby’s Beach, but I didn’t play it since there was quite a crowd. I believe this would have been in 1979. I do believe the first arcade game I ever played was Space Invaders as well, although I don’t recall exactly where.

The game was released in Japan by Taito in 1978, and while not the very first arcade game, is unquestionably the most important and influential in creating the video game industry. It would eventually take the world by storm, but not until after it had completely conquered Japan.

These photos were taken during the late 1970s Space Invaders craze in Japan, when Taito could hardly manufacture cabinets fast enough. Shortly after the game was released they engineered a new type of sit-down (cocktail) cabinet to satisfy the requests of business that wanted their patrons to be able to drink and smoke as they played. These became extremely popular in Japan, and accounted for the large majority of Space Invaders cabinets made for the Japanese market. (In researching this I learned that cocktail cabinets were also very popular in Australia, but relatively rare in the rest of the world.)

In almost all of these black and white photos, the only game being played is Space Invaders (or some variant of). In under a year 100,000 cabinets were distributed around Japan, and even this was hardly enough. It has been reported that the average cabinet in late 1978 Japan was played over 50 times a day, and recouped its cost within a month.

Space Invaders had become a phenomenon and showed no signs of slowing down. Popular with both children and adults, in those heady days the game was playable almost everywhere. Some businesses changed into arcades as they found Space Invaders more profitable than whatever else they were trying to sell.

The Japanese ‘Game Centers’ we know today were born then, originally in the form of squalid rooms filled with cigarette smoke and the sounds of invaders and laser blasts, but in time into well-lit and very large halls full of games and people playing them.

Arcade gaming was a spectator sport, and the cocktail cabinets a perfect arena for a crowd to watch. Good players became famous, and some were even invited to play live on TV so others could observe their skill. Some players even wrote books on how to better your score, which became best-sellers.

It was during this time two urban legends about the game were born: that it caused a shortage of ¥100 coins and that it led to a rise in delinquency among children. Neither claim has born up to investigation in the decades since, and seem to have been inventions of non-Japanese journalists, but the popularity of the game in Japan between 1978 and 1980 was still incredible. It was the #1 video game in Japan for three years, and earned more money than any film released during that time.

Isn’t it wonderful seeing how popular the arcades were – and this was mostly for one game! You didn’t go in those days to play ‘video games’, you went to play Space Invaders. Imagine the sounds of so many machines being played at once!

Even the arcades were unambiguous about their purpose, as the above photo shows. The earliest Game Centers were even called ‘Space Invaders Houses‘ since that was why they existed. (I believe this image – which dates to 1979 – shows the same building in Ikebukuro that is now Mikado Game Center.)

I found a few colour photos from that era as well, although these date from a couple of years later (I think that is Galaxian in the above shot). Woodgrain paneling on the cocktail cabinet is so evocative of those days.

The above was an early Game Center in Nagoya, Japan. Most of the games look to be Space Invaders, and you can see four upright cabinets lined up in the background. The game on the left (The Driver) was a driving game released in January 1979 and was apparently a failure in arcades.

The above arcade looks so large and comfy. Once again it’s dominated by cocktail cabinets, and most of the uprights (at the back and far right) look to be Space Invaders or variants.

This photo is lovely! Plush chairs and cocktails (the drink, not the cabinets)! A proto-barcade if you will, showing there’s no such thing as a new idea. This brings back memories of a childhood trip to Canberra, and the arcade games they had in the bar. (I believe these guys are playing Moon Patrol.)

The above is a still from a (sadly now removed from YouTube) 1978 video of Nagoya city, showing a large billboard for Space Invaders displayed alongside a marquee for the first Superman film. When was the last time (if ever) you saw a billboard for an arcade game?

It wasn’t long until the Space Invaders craze spread worldwide, as the above story from the September 9, 1980 Sydney Morning Herald reveals. At the time of writing Sydney had 3000 machines, but Japan actually had almost 400,000. In time Japan would have over half a million, and to this day the total number of cabinets manufactured worldwide is unknown.

The rest of the world had its own version of the craze of course, but it wasn’t as intense or sustained as it had been in Japan because the game was six months old when it was released in the USA and almost a year old when released in Europe. This was enough time for other games (notably Galaxian) to steal some of its thunder. I was in the arcades by then – as often as possible! – and even with other games available I remember still playing Space Invaders, like the couple in the above photo taken in New Zealand in 1980, or this pair playing in Penn Station, New York in the same year:

Arcade game technology evolved quickly and only a few short years after 1978 Space Invaders was looking long in the tooth to most gamers. It had conquered the world, made an incredible amount of money, and even created a hobby now enjoyed by billions. But nothing lasts forever, and by 1980 the mania of Space Invaders – and arcades in general – seemed at its end, and the days of arcade games taking over the world looked to be fading into memory…